ES+Rev+Midterm


 * Earth Science Midterm Review Sheet**
 * Concepts:**

.Diagnostic Quiz Ch.1-6: Answers:
 * 1) What part of the EM spectrum does the sun emit? What part does it emit the most of?
 * 2) What is the electromagnetic spectrum? How is the EM spectrum related to light?
 * 3) What affects the amount of light energy an object absorbs?
 * 4) Which absorbs more, smooth or rough? Black or white?
 * 5) Name three methods of heat transfer, cite examples of each in your everyday life
 * 6) How (which way) does heat move?
 * 7) Where can I find information about the three temperature scales?
 * 8) Where can I find information about the wavelength of UV radiation?
 * 9) How is heat measured?
 * 10) What is is specific heat?
 * 11) Why is specific heat so important in the study of Earth Science?
 * 12) What is melting, freezing, crystallization, solidification, evaporation, condensation, and sublimation? Cite an example of each.
 * 13) What is gained or released when a substance changes phase?
 * 14) What happens to temperature while a substance changes phase?
 * 15) What are three things that can happen to insolation when it reaches the Earth?
 * 16) Why does land heat up and cool down faster than water? Cite 3 reasons
 * 17) What is the relationship between the angle of insolation and the rate that the surface heats?
 * 18) Name three greenhouse gasses
 * 19) Describe what happens when light hits the surface of the Earth. What do the greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere do?
 * 20) What latitude receives the most intense insolation on December 21st? March 21st? September 23rd? June 21st?
 * 21) What is the primary reason that we have seasons?
 * 22) How much is the earth’s axis currently tilted?
 * 23) Are days longer in the summer or the winter? Why?
 * 24) What time of a single day is the angle of insolation highest? Lowest?
 * 25) How do volcanic eruptions disrupt the heat budget?
 * 26) What would happen to the Earth’s temperature if the sun emitted more light than usual?
 * 27) What does the presence of ice and snow do to incoming solar radiation?
 * 28) Name 2 observations that scientists use to prove that the big bang occurred.
 * 29) Objects in the universe that are moving away from us are shifted toward what color because of the Doppler shift?
 * 30) Where is our solar system located, be as specific as possible.
 * 31) What color star is the hottest? What color is the coolest? What color star is our sun?
 * 32) What will happen to our sun after it burns through all of its primary fuel?
 * 33) Why will our sun never go super nova?
 * 34) What happens to a star with VERY large mass at the end of its life?
 * 35) What danger do asteroids pose to the Earth?
 * 36) Where can I find information about the length of a day on Mars?
 * 37) Why do planets farther away from the sun have a longer period of revolution? Where can I find information about the period of revolution?
 * 38) Which planet has the least elliptical orbit? The most? Which is shaped closest to a circle? What is the maximum eccentricity an orbit could have (in theory)
 * 39) When a planet is on an elliptical orbit, when does it move fastest? Slowest?
 * 40) Name two things that would make the force of gravity between two planets greatest
 * 41) Where does the sun rise (in general)?
 * 42) Where does the sun set (in general)?
 * 43) Where does the sun rise (specifically) in the N. Hemisphere in the summertime?
 * 44) Where does the sun rise (specifically) in the N. Hemisphere in the wintertime?
 * 45) At noon on which day of the year is your shadow the shortest? Longest? At what time of day is your shadow shortest?
 * 46) How do you determine your latitude in the Northern Hemisphere?
 * 47) What proof do we have that the Earth is revolving around the sun?
 * 48) Name two proofs that the Earth is rotating on its axis.
 * 49) How long does it take for the moon to go around the Earth?
 * 50) How long does it take for the moon to go from full moon phase to full moon phase?
 * 51) How fast (in degrees/hour) do the moon and the stars and the planets appear to move across the sky?
 * 52) Where on the Earth are you if the sun has not set for 5 days? What time of year is it? (there are two answers here)
 * 53) If viewed from above the N. Pole, which way does the Earth rotate?
 * 54) What is the ecliptic?
 * 55) What causes the phases of the moon?
 * 56) What causes tides in the ocean?
 * 57) How does a solar eclipse happen? What phase of the moon must it be to see a solar eclipse?
 * 58) How does a lunar eclipse happen? What phase of the moon must it be to see a lunar eclipse?
 * 59) What is an observation, what is an instrument? How is an instrument related to observations?
 * 60) What is an observation, how is it different from an inference?
 * 61) What is the equation for percent deviation (or percent error)? Where would you find the equation if you forgot it?
 * 62) What is density?
 * 63) How can you calculate density?
 * 64) When densities of two liquids are different, what happens when they are placed in the same beaker? What happens when a block is dropped in a liquid, and both have the same density?
 * 65) What processes can make density change?
 * 66) Which phases of matter are more or less dense? Is this true of water?
 * 67) How can you calculate a rate of change? Where can you find an equation for calculating the rate of change if you forget?
 * 68) What is an interface? Cite an example of an interface.
 * 69) What is dynamic equilibrium?
 * 70) When you list a latitude/longitude what must you remember to include?
 * 71) What latitude is the equator? The North Pole? The South pole?
 * 72) What longitude is Greenwhich, England? The international dateline?
 * 73) How many degrees longitude represent 1 hour?
 * 74) How do you determine your latitude in the N. Hemisphere?
 * 75) Where do you look to find the latitude/longitude of a city in NY State?
 * 76) What is a field? What kinds of fields exist in this classroom?
 * 77) How do you map a field? What are field lines?
 * 78) What is an isoline? What kinds of isolines are common on a weather map?
 * 79) How do you calculate a gradient? Where can you find the equation for gradient?
 * 80) What is a contour line?
 * 81) What is a topographic map?
 * 82) What is a topographic profile? How do you construct a topographic profile?
 * 83) What is map scale? How do you use a map scale?
 * 84) What do you use a scrap piece of paper for in mapping?